The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.